Proezas e fracassos heroicos: Robert of Normandy e o Retrato da Primeira Cruzada na Inglaterra dos séculos XII e XIII

Resumo

A Primeira Cruzada foi recordada por historiadores ingleses anglo-normandos ao longo do século XII e no século XIII. No primeiro terço do século XII, foi detalhadamente relatada por três importantes historiadores: Orderic Vitalis, William of Malmesbury e Henry of Huntington. Em meados do século XII, no entanto, esta Cruzada já era retratada menos como um empreendimento, pelo seu próprio mérito, e mais como cenário para a participação de Robert, duque da Normandia. O próprio Robert foi retratado como um herói imperfeito, cuja bravura na cruzada foi exaltada, mas que falhou na sua última obrigação, ao recusar a coroa de Jerusalém. Este artigo traça a evolução da representação, tanto da cruzada, como da participação de Robert, em Inglaterra, nos séculos XII e XIII, explorando o modo como as perceções, quer da cruzada, quer de Robert, se alteraram em articulação com as atitudes e prioridades políticas relativamente à cruzada.

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