“…não enquanto história, mas…”: o abade cisterciense Aelred de Rievaulx (1110-1167), um escritor de História em vários géneros

Resumo

O que é um texto historiográfico e o que é que o distingue dos outros géneros textuais? Estudiosos atuais da Europa medieval, os próprios autores europeus medievais e muitos outros têm-se ocupado desta questão. Incentivado por estudos recentes sobre os benefícios, ou não, de tentar isolar géneros distintos no quadro do que um académico designou como “toda o conjunto da historiografia medieval”, este artigo examina os chamados textos “históricos” compostos pelo abade cisterciense inglês medieval Aelred de Rievaulx (1110-1167). Nenhum dos seus sete textos se enquadra no género clássico da História, mas o artigo argumenta que todos são, de facto, textos historiográficos. Aelred escreveu todas estas obras enquanto era abade da Abadia de Rievaulx, no Yorkshire, e o artigo sugere que as suas experiências e responsabilidades como abade lhe conferiram capacidades para combinar muitos géneros literários – vita, genealogia, lamento, relatio, translatio, exemplum, sermão, carta – ao escrever sobre o passado, bem como a vontade de combinar estes géneros a fim de fornecer aos seus leitores modelos de esperança e, ocasionalmente, conselhos severos sobre o passado, para uso no futuro.

Referências bibliográficas

Fontes

Fontes manuscritas

London, British Library, Cotton Ms. Vitellius F III.

York, York Minster, Archives and Manuscripts, Ms. XVI/I/8.

Fontes impressas

AELRED OF RIEVAULX – Aelred of Rievaulx, The Historical Works. Trans. Jane Patricia Freeland. Ed. Marsha L. Dutton. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 2005.

AELRED OF RIEVAULX – Aelred of Rievaulx: The Lives of the Northern Saints. Trans. Jane Patricia Freeland. Ed. Marsha L. Dutton. Kalamazoo: Cistercian Publications, 2006.

AELRED OF RIEVAULX – Opera Omnia VI. Opera historica et hagiographica. Ed. Domenico Pezzini. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, 3. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

AELRED OF RIEVAULX – Opera Omnia VII. Opera historica et hagiographica. Ed. Francesco Marzella. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, 3A. Turnhout: Brepols, 2017.

CICERO – De inventione. De optimo genere oratorum. Topica. Trans. H. M. Hubbell. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann, 1949, “De inventione”, pp. 1-345.

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CICERO – De oratore. Trans. E. W. Sutton and completed by H. Rackham. London and Cambridge, MA: William Heinemann and Harvard University Press, 1967.

The Durham ‘Liber vitae’: London, British Library, MS Cotton Domitian A.VII. Edition and Digital Facsimile with Introduction, Codicological, Prosopographical and Linguistic Commentary, and Indexes, Including the Biographical Register of Durham Cathedral Priory (1083-1539) by A. J. Piper. Ed. David and Lynda Rollason, vol. 3. London: British Library, 2007.

GEFFREI GAIMAR – Estoire des Engleis | History of the English. Ed. and trans. Ian Short. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Historiae Anglicanae Scriptores Decem. Ed. Roger Twysden and John Selden. London, 1652.

ISIDORE OF SEVILLE – Isidori Hispalensis episcopi. Etymologiarum sive originum. Libri XX, vol. 1. Ed. W. M. Lindsay. Oxford: Clarendon, 1911.

LAURENCE OF DURHAM – “Epistola Laurentii ad amicum suum Ethelredum”. Ed. Dom A. Hoste – “A Survey of the Unedited Work of Laurence of Durham With an Edition of His Letter to Aelred of Rievaulx”. Sacris Erudiri 11 (1960), pp. 249-265, at pp. 263-265.

RICHARD OF HEXHAM – The Priory of Hexham, its Chroniclers, Endowments, and Annals, vol. 1. Durham: Surtees Society, 1864, “Prior Richard’s History of the Church of Hexham” [Ricardus prior Hagustaldensis et statu et episcopis Hagustaldensis Ecclesiae], pp. 1-62.

WALTER DANIEL – The Life of Ailred of Rievaulx. Trans. F. M. Powicke. London: Nelson, 1950.

WALTER DANIEL – The Life of Aelred of Rievaulx by Walter Daniel. Trans. F. M. Powicke. Intro. Marsha Dutton. Kalamazoo, MI and Spencer, MA: Cistercian Publications, 1994.

WILLIAM OF NEWBURGH – The History of English Affairs. Book I. Ed. and trans. Patrick G. Walsh and Michael J. Kennedy. Oxford and Havertown, PA: Oxbow, 1988.

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